LFTVD terminology

How to write an essay:

Point
Examples
Specific
Analysis
Theory/terminology
Answer the question


VOD: Video on demand
Horizontally integrated: Consolidation of many firms that handle the same part of the production process
Vertically integrated:
Above the line: Paid advertisement
Below the line: Free advertisement

Water cooler: Small conversation
Shared universe: Everyone talking about it
Easter eggs: Hidden message/ secret feature of work
State of nation TV: Long form shows challenge the simpler storylines and stereotypical characters dominating TV in the US
Foreshadowing: Indicating a future event
Beyond the binary: Constantly changing your opinion on something
Systematic change: Changing one person changes other things

Linear narrative: Clear beginning/ middle/ end- follows chronological timeline
Fragmented narrative (non-linear): Disrupted narrative, don't have clear steps and shows events out of chronological order- helps show parallel stories within a story (replicates how human mind works)
Restricted narrative: Experience the story through senses and thoughts of just 1 character- narrative cannot tell audience things the main character does not know.
Omnipresent narrative:  A panoramic view of the world of the storyline- point of view of many of the characters and helps audience see a broader range.

Closed endings: Traditionally one characters story that comes to a resolution- sometimes unique storyline per episode that is brought to a conclusion
Open endings: Ends on a cliff hanger, story line unique and can be unsatisfying for the audience.

Titanium presentation

Industry key words

MIDAS: Midas Media is a specialist PPC Advertising Agency.
Key media partners you would find on Google, Bing etc

CULTURAL IMPERIALISM: Comprises the cultural aspects of imperialism, Imperialism refers to the unequal relationships between civilizations; favoring the more powerful civilization, e.g the western world.
Said that non-Western cultures, particularly from the Third World, will lose their traditional values and lose their cultural identities when they are solely exposed to Western media.

DEMOCRATISATION OF THE MASS MEDIA: A media democracy focuses on using information technologies to empower individual people and promote democratic ideals through the spread of information.
Specifically used through the 'Big Six' as they use their hierarchy to promote ideas through radio, TV, billboards.

EFFECTS OF PIRACY: The losses suffered as a result of software piracy affect the profitability of the software industry. Also, software publishers, developers and vendors are take actions to protect their revenue, using pirated software is also risky for users.
Commonly occurs for films being published on illegal websites were users can watch the latest films for free resulting in companies losing out on profit.

HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION: The process of a company increasing production of goods/ services at the same part of the supply chain.
When Disney were looking to to grow its market share, strengthen its product line, reduce its competition and access new markets therefore Disney acquired Pixar Studios.

VERTICAL INTEGRATION: The combination in one firm of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate firms.
Apple buys Star Wars motion-capture company Faceshift

DIVERSIFICATION: The process of a company enlarging or varying its range of products or field of operation.
Companies can produce a new film with the new film being the core product but in addition to this the company can produce merchandise etc to go along side tomato extra revenue.

ALTERNATIVE MEDIA AND INDEPENDENT MEDIA: Alternative media are media that differ from established types of media in terms of their content, production, or distribution, they take many forms including print, audio, video, Internet etc. Independent media refers to any form of media such as radio, television, newspapers or the Internet, that is free of influence by government or corporate interests.
An independent form of media would include Buzzfeed and an alternative form of media would be the publication of controversial stories in newspapers.

CONGLOMERATE: A company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, theme parks, or the Internet.
Includes 20th Century Fox, Disney, Time Warner etc

GRA: W.R. Grace and Company is an American chemical conglomerate, Grace is divided into three business segments; Grace Catalysts Technologies, Grace Materials Technologies, and Grace Construction Products.
Uses diversification to branch in all areas.

PEGI: Stands for Pan European Game Information. It is a European video game content rating system established to help European consumers make informed decisions on buying computer games. 

For example, PEGI officially rates Call of Duty suitable for people who are 18 or over.

MEDIAWATCH UK: Mediawatch-UK. Formerly known as the national Viewers’ and listeners’ association, is a pressure group in the UK. They campaign against the publication and broadcast of media content that is harmful and offensive. 

For example, Mediawatch-UK has responded to Home office consultation on the regulation of R18 videos. 

IPSO: IPSO (Independent Press Standards Organisations) issues new information for the public on court reporting; reporting of deaths and inquests and how journalists can use information in media. 

For example, all magazines and newspapers will be reviewed if an issue arises that journalists or editors have not met the code of practice.

WATERSHED: In broadcasting, the watershed or safe harbour is one or more dayparts during which it is appropriate to broadcast programming aimed towards mature or adult audiences. 

For example, Durex adverts will only be televised after a certain time in the evening. 

OFCOM: Ofcom is the communications regulator in the UK. They regulate the TV, radio, mobiles and postal services. They stop scams and sharp practices from occurring. 

Ofcom works closely with stakeholders, politicians and media companies.   

BBC CHARTER: The royal charter is the constitutional basis for the BBC. It sets out the public purposes of the BBC, guarantees its dependence and outlines the duties of the trust and the executive board. 

SYNERGY: Synergy is the term used to describe a situation where different entities cooperate advantageously for a final outcome. 

For example, a film will not only exploit itself but also exploit the soundtrack and a linked videogame. 

PSB: PSB stands for Public service broadcasting. It Is used for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests. 

For example, all of BBC’s television and radio stations have a public service remit, including those that broadcast digitally. 

 BROADCAST CODE: The Ofcom broadcasting code is the UK code of broadcast advertising which applies to all advertisements and programme sponsorship credits on radio and television services licenced by Ofcom. 

For example, teleshopping, self-promotional television channels and interactive tv ads also must keep to the code. 

IWF: The internet watch foundation is a registered charity based I Cambridgeshire. It states to ‘minimise the availability of potential criminal internet content’. 

For example, internet content, specifically images of child sexual abuse is strictly patrolled.

BARB - The Broadcasters' Audience Research Board is the organisation that compiles audience measurement and television ratings in the United Kingdom. BARB is owned by BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5, SkyB and the IPA and collects information from BARB panel members such as what they do for media consumption and provide this info to broadcasters and advertising companies.

 Webcasting license - If you operate a service that streams sound recordings online, then you will need a Webcasting License. Webcasting involves two exclusive rights of copyright owners: the reproduction of the sound recording for the purpose of creating the webcast program and the communication of those sound recordings over the internet.

 Technological convergence – is when new technologies are created that take over from past technologies and perform the same tasks but in an advanced manner. For example people used to listen to music via radio now due to technological convergence people listen to music typically through their phones.

 Web 3.0 or semantic web - The Semantic Web is an extension of the Web where data is given explicit meaning. This allows the data to be integrated, processed, shared, and filtered with much greater ease than before.

Internet of things - Is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange data.

 Binge-viewing - Binge-watching or marathon-viewing, is the practice of watching television for a long time span, usually a single television show. For example watching six episodes from a series on Netflix typically without stopping.

 DAB – otherwise known as digital audio broadcasting is audio broadcasting in which analog audio is converted into a digital signal and transmitted on an assigned channel. For example the breakfast show on BBC radio 1.

 Traditional media – is any form of mass communication before digital media was introduced. These were things such like television, radio, newspapers, books, magazines etc.

 Google analytics - Google Analytics is a freemium web analytics service offered by Google that tracks and reports website traffic. Google launched the service in November 2005 after acquiring Urchin. Google Analytics is now the most widely used web analytics service on the Internet.

 RAJAR - Radio Joint Audience Research and is the official body in charge of measuring radio audiences in the UK. It is jointly owned by the BBC and the Radio Centre on behalf of the commercial sector.

 NRS - The National Readership Survey is a joint venture company in the UK between the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising, the Newspaper Publishers Association and the Periodical Publishers Association.

Newspaper Terminology

Codes and conventions 
Skyline - An information panel on the front page that tells the reader about the other stories inside.

Main Image - The dominant picture often filling most of the front cover.

Lead story - Main story using a splash.

Headline - A phrase that summarizes the main point of the article, usually a large print in a different style to catch the attention of the reader.

Page numbers - A system of organisation within the magazine, which helps you find what you want to read.

Caption - Brief text under an image that describes the photo or graphic.

Audience - People who the newspaper aim to sell too.

Folio - Top label for the whole page.

Gutter - The margins in-between pages.

Pull quote - Something taken from within an article.

Classified Ad - Advertisement that only displays text.

Page furniture - Everything on the page except pictures or texts.

Byline - The line above the story which gives the authors name.

News terminology

THRESHOLD: Bigger the impact the further the story reaches

UNEXPECTEDNESS: A story that is a surprise and shock

NEGATIVITY: A sad, unpositive story

ELITE PERSONS/PLACES: Important personal, hierarchy

UNAMBIGUOUS: Not a confusing, long-winded story (short & sweet)

PERSONALISATION: Telling of a personal story or experience

PROXIMITY: Stories more closer to home are more likely to be included

CONTINUITY/CURRENCY: Stories already in the news and tend to continue to be

                               "If it bleeds it leads"

Gatekeeping: Gatekeeping is a term which is applied to the editing and filtering process where decisions are made to let some information 'pass through' to the receiver (audience) and other information remains barred.

GALTUNG AND RUGE- News Values
In 1965 some media researchers analysed international news- findings led them to create news values

Vocabulary

Genre

Describe
In detail
Setting/location
Themes
Icons
Narrative
Characters
Textual analyses

Mise en scene

Costume
Lighting
Actors
Make-up
Props
Setting